Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill Racial inequality has been one of the most discussed topics in the American society for years. Thanks to successes of the U. S. abolitionist movement in the 19th century and African-American Civil Rights Movement in 1950-1960s, the racial issue got gradually resolved. Formally, inequality segregation ceased to exist in 1960s. Yet, the echo of discriminative racial policies of the past is still heard today. Strong anti-slavery and anti-discrimination themes of the historical novel Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill relate to the existing racial controversy in the American society today discussed by Desmond S. King and Rogers M. Smith in the article â€Å"On Race, the Silence Is Bipartisan†. In Someone Knows My Name, the problem of racial discrimination and inequality is highlighted through the lens of Aminata Diallo, a former slave who got liberated by the British during the War for Independence. Diallo’s enlightening account that dates back to the early 1800s takes readers to the time of the African slave trade known for its brutality and abysmal conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Her message is no matter what race you are or what you eat, you share the same unique thing known as human nature. Given this, savagery and violence that filled the life of enslaved African-Americans need to be eradicated and should be never practiced again. To illustrate, Diallo’s thoughts of the black people’s powerless position due to the racial inequality policies are enhanced by an episode from her past: I was walking one day behind a yoked man who swerved without warning to the left. I had no time to react, and my foot sank into something wet and soft. Something like a twig cracked under my heel. I let out a scream. Under my foot was the body of a naked, decomposing man. I jumped away and ripped leaves from the nearest branch. In a frenzy, I wiped a mass of wriggling white worms from my ankle. I was shaking and wheezing. Fanta took the leaves and wiped my foot and held me and told me not to be afraid. But my hysteria escalated, even though Fanta barked at me to calm down, and I could not stop screaming. (Hill 41). The theme of racial inequality has been the focal message of â€Å"On Race, the Silence Is Bipartisan† by Desmond S. King and Rogers M. Smith. Specifically, the economic aspect of racial inequality has been discussed. The professors challenge the generally held view that racial issues have already been resolved and speak of the existing economic inequality between white and black, as well as Latino population in the United States. For instance, it is said that â€Å"in 2009, 35 percent of black households and 31 percent of Latino households had zero or negative wealth, compared with 15 percent of white households. † (King and Smith 1). The authors believe that this striking difference can be explained by the lack of â€Å"compromise policies† that address the needs of non-whites above all (King and Smith 2). Discussing the thematic connection between the mentioned works, one should mention the racial inequality point. Yet, the latter is represented differently. Hill’s account of racial discrimination at the end of 18th century unveils harsh violation of black people’s civil rights in each sphere of everyday life, while The New York Times article reveals economic differences between two racial groups that is interpreted as a manifestation of racial inequality. To illustrate, in Diallo’s time African Americans were perceived rather as animals, not human beings, and treated accordingly. On the contrary, â€Å"in a country where an African-American is the president† professors King and Smith identify the violation of economic rights in the first place (King and Smith 1). In other words, racial discrimination in the modern American society can be found in the figures of statistical estimates that explore the economic status of every social group, not in open vio lations of black people’s human rights. To conclude, things described in Lawrence Hill’s novel Someone Knows My Name connect to the events in the American society today through the racial inequality point. At the same time, the points discussed in the two works appear more different than alike: Hill’s description of black people’s powerless position focuses on the open violations of their human and civil rights, while King and Smith identify a lower economic status of the black population in general. Works Cited Hill, Lawrence. Someone Knows My Name. HarperCollins Publishers Australia, 2009. Print. King, Desmond and Rogers Smith. â€Å"On Race, the Silence Is Bipartisan†. The New York Times. The New York Times, September 2, 2011. Web. September 10, 2011.

What Type Of Anesthetics For Patients For A Pain Free...

Part A: Career Research Biology Chemistry Physics Earth-Science Anesthesiologist https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/ Anesthesiologist give anesthetics to patients for a pain-free surgery. They have long working hours, but make 100k-300k a year. They access medical history to choose what type of anesthetics to be given and monitor the patient during surgery. Requires University level education to attend med school. Chemical Engineer https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/88 Chemical Engineers design and operate equipment processes to change physical matter. They design and develop new machines to produce different chemical reactions. They make 45k-135k a year. Chemical engineers sometimes would work with different hazardous chemicals. Requires University level of education. Civil Engineering https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/95 Civil Engineer help to design buildings, railways, highways, bridges,etc. They plan on the construction of buildings and inspect the workplace of project sites. Spends 40-50 hours working and earn 40k-120k a year. Requires university level of education. Climatologist https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/706 Climatologist study different weather patterns and factors that would affect climate. They would collect data on past and present weather patterns and try to solve climate problems. They earn 47k-120k a year and spend around 40 hours a week working.Show MoreRelatedAnesthesi Surgery And Its Effects On Society1521 Words   |  7 PagesArmbrust February 11 2015 Anesthesia: Surgery Rewritten Anesthesia has redefined surgery. It has converted surgery from a form of medical butchery into a highly professional, lifesaving event, that millions of people undergo, worldwide (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014, para 4). The history of anesthesia is not the most picturesque as it was rather gruesome and cost the lives of many. However, these deaths were not in vain as anesthesia led to surgery seemingly becoming an everyday ordealRead MoreThe History of Anesthesia Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesits creation and the primitive anesthetics used before anesthesia was discovered. Today there are many different anesthetics and delivery methods dependent to the type of procedure. Anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists are a crucial part of the surgical team. Without anesthesia where would we be today? â€Å"The first recorded use of anesthesia dates back to the ancient Incas. Shamas got coked-up chewing coca leaves and drilled holes in the heads of their patients, to let the bad spirits escapeRead MoreThe Evolution of Anesthesia Essay example1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is the doctor in a stiff, dry, blood-covered smock. The man is there for surgery and the doctor leads him to his designated operating room. As the doctor sets the man down in the chair, the man sees the dry blood and sharp instruments. He starts to have second thoughts on the surgery and struggles to get away. Two of the doctor’s assistants hold him down as the doctor gives him a blow to the head to knock his patient out. The poor man screams in agony as he awakes from the doctor beginning hisRead MoreA Literature Review On Opioid-Free General Anesthesia Versus1693 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review on Opioid-Free General Anesthesia versus Opioid-Based General Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery Ina Basha University of New England One third of the American adult population is considered to be overweight, a figure that is still on the rise. Numerous studies have presented the negative impacts that obesity has on health and how every organ system in the human body is affected. When minimally invasive strategies such as life style changes fail, bariatric surgery procedures have becomeRead MoreCase Analysis : Lam And Mui1742 Words   |  7 Pages Lam and Mui (2016), applied a multimodal analgesia model in their bariatric patients, which included premedication with pantoprazole 40mg the night before and 2g PO paracetamol and 150mg or 300mg of PO pregabalin (depending on BMI) two hours before surgery. Once in the operating room, 1-2mg of midazolam was administered, then a dexmedetomidine infusion was started at 0.2mcg/kg/hr based on the patient’s lean body weight (LBW). Induction included the use of 100mcg of fentanyl, propofol, and eitherRead MorePerioperative Observation Paper1455 Words   |  6 Pagesclinical requirement for my Adult 1: Medical-Surgical course, I had the opportunity to observe a patient in the Operating Room and in the Post Anesthesia Unit of Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital. The procedure that I observed was a left total knee replacement. The patient needed this surgery because she was experiencing osteoarthritis, and this surgery could alleviate her pain and discomfort. I was with the patient from the end of her stay in the pre-operative holding area to the Operating Room, and thenRead MoreAnesthesia Paper6133 Words   |  25 Pagesshe was thrown intro a pit and buried alive. What was this mother’s crime? She had given birth to twin sons, and during her labor she had asked for some pain relief. The Church regarded the pain of childbirth as a punishment justly inflicted by God. The ultimate intent of her persecution was to discourage other women from making the same decision. You can tell today’s society is less diluted by medicine and anesthesia. Now if someone asks for pain relief they won’t get put in a pit and left toRead MorePersonal Narrative : Something You ll Always Forget1904 Words   |  8 Pagesmedicine, and few know about it. From pain management, to full surgical procedures, looking back at anesthesia has shown many advancements in the medical field. Over the years, anesthetics have made some vast improvements. It is essential to know what an anesthesiologist is, the history of anesthetics, and how to become one. This is in part to understand how an anesthesiologist impacts the medical field and why one may want to become one. First of all, one must know what anesthesiology and an anesthesiologistRead MoreEthics in Cosmetic Surgery1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world are choosing to have cosmetic surgery. It seems to be an easy fix to problems that people perceive, even if the problems are natural, like breast size. In a sociological study done in the UK, the author found that â€Å"[T]o have breast implants requires a major medical procedure, but they are sold as a fashion accessory and the procedure is framed as a beauty treatment rather than an operation by those who sell it† (Taylor). While many cosmetic surgeries are fairly simple procedures, there isRead MorePersonal Narrative : Something You ll Always Forget1904 Words   |  8 Pagesmedicine, and few know about it. From pain management, to full surgical procedures, looking back at anesthesia has shown many advancements in the medical field. Over the years, anesthetics have made some vast improvements. It is essential to know what an anesthe siologist is, the history of anesthetics, and how to become one. This is in part to understand how an anesthesiologist impacts the medical field and why one may want to become one. First of all, one must know what anesthesiology and an anesthesiologist

Conflict between Soft Skills &Technical Skills-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the article Whose skill is it anyway? Soft skills and polarization written by Irena Grugulis and Steven Vincent (Grugulis and Vincent 2009). Answer: Introduction: The following report has concentrated on an article called Whose skill is it anyway? Soft skills and polarization written by Irena Grugulis and Steven Vincent (Grugulis and Vincent 2009). Different aspects of the article have been discussed in this report. Analysis: Focus: In the article Whose skill is it anyway? Soft skills and polarization, the writers have mainly concentrated on the skills that employers are looking for while recruiting employees in the organization. It has focused on the large business organization and analysed the recruitment process of the organization. It has mainly discussed about two basic skills on which employers focus, soft skills and technical skills (Grugulis and Vincent 2009). Problem: The main issue that has been discussed in the previously mentioned article is the preference of the recruiters is shifting from the soft skills to technical skills. According to the writers of the article, in recent time recruiters of the business organizations focuses more on the technical skills instead of the soft skills. The researchers have concentrated on exploring the reasons behind such practices (Grugulis and Vincent 2009). Key Ideas and Arguments: As per the article, in recent time, the employers concentrate on the technical skills of the employees while appointing them in any post. It helps skilled and talented employees to be appreciated by the authority. The writers claim that such practices mainly occur in the public sector. The competitive nature of the market has been increased drastically in past few years. It has led the organizational leaders to appoint some skilled and talented employees who have technical idea in the respective field. According to the report, the change in the nature of skill is the main reason for such practices. The report claims that, now a days skills include the capacity of team work, motivational power, judgement, leadership capabilities and so on. It has motivated employers to look for such employees that can stimulate the organizational performance by their technical skills. The report claims that there are some key issues with the soft skills, as it may influences discrimination in the work place. The writers have resented some examples of such workplaces where such discrimination occurs, such as- in call centres male employees are expected to meet their sales target whereas female employees are expected to perform in a significant manner. The study has provided some examples of renowned and large business organizations where soft skills are emphasised. The article has tended to distinguish between the soft skills and technical skills (Grugulis and Vincent 2009). Issues: Issues that must be enlightened from the study is that soft skills are mainly used in the case of women. They are allotted such tasks or such sections that suit their skills. However, the study has highlighted that it cannot enhance their position or reputation in the workplace. It will always distinguish them from other workers. Conclusion: As per the discussion, it can be concluded that there is a conflict between soft skills and technical skills. Employers are now a days looking for technical skills instead of soft skills as it will be beneficial for the future of their organization. References: Grugulis, I. and Vincent, S., 2009. Whose skill is it anyway? softskills and polarization.Work, employment and society,23(4), pp.597-615.

TCP/IP and OSI Networking Essay Example

TCP/IP and OSI Networking Essay In this essay I intend to analyse why networking software is divided into layers, and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of such a division. I will then go on to analyse what the main differences between the networking protocols known as OSI and TCP/IP are. I will also attempt to analyse what factors led to their successes and failures respectively in terms of their diffusion into the technology sector. However, before we can discuss this, we must first be sure that we are aware of the meanings of terms such as networks, network architecture, protocols, and distributed networks/systems so I will begin by defining these phrases. Essentially, a network is the connection of two or more computers for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing. the formal definition of a network could be given as a number of interconnected devices capable of communicating and sharing each others resources (Bandyo-padhyway, 2000:157) As can be seen from the above quote, networking offers organisations a wealth of benefits. A network enables an organization to centralize its computer system and allows users to access the facilities of a large computer system via desktop computers. (Bandyo-padhyway, 2000:157) It could be said that network architecture is, in theory, a model for the set-up of a network. To help deal with this complexity, network designers have developed general blueprints usually called a network architecture that guide the design and implementation of networks. (Peterson Davie, 1996:29) We will write a custom essay sample on TCP/IP and OSI Networking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on TCP/IP and OSI Networking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on TCP/IP and OSI Networking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Protocols, in the networking sense, could be considered as sets of rules or procedures that control how a message is sent from sender to receiver and all the factors involved in this process. A protocol is a set of rules or conventions which govern the way a message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver passing through a number of steps and via a number of network elements. (Bandyo-padhyway, 2000:178) Finally, a distributed network/system is where the tasks to be to be performed are distributed among a number of small PCs that are coordinated by a larger central computer. (Bandyo-padhyway, 2000:173) Having defined the aforementioned basic technological terms, I can now go on to my analysis of the reasons why networking software is divided into layers. The primary reason is that having separate distinctive layers reduces design complexity. By this, I mean having different layers means certain operations and tasks that must be carried out, can be carried out in a simple and organised order, rather than all at the same time. First, it decomposes the problem of building a network into more manageable components. (Peterson Davie, 1996:30) Layering allows for changes to be made at a specific layer, as a result of new ideas/innovation, and will not disrupt the software at other levels. Second, it provides a more modular design. If you decide that you want to add some new service, you may only need to modify the functionality at one layer, re-using the functions provided at all the other layers. (Peterson Davie, 1996:30) This means that it accommodates incremental changes more readily. (www. cs. wpi. edu/~rek/Undergrad_Nets/B03/HTTP_DNS. pdf) Another advantage of layering is that details of how the lower level services are implemented are shielded from the higher levels, allowing the higher levels to function more efficiently. This can be seen, from a more technological point of view, in the following quote. Many times there are multiple abstractions provided at any given level of the system, each providing a different service to the higher layers but building on the same low-level abstractions. (Peterson Davie, 1996:30) A final advantage of layering is that as a result of the different types of layers, making it so different types of translations can take place; different types of hardware are enabled to communicate. Having looked at the advantages of layering, I will now spend some time discussing its disadvantages. Some functions (like FDDI station management) really need to access and operate at multiple layers. (courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs5516/spring03/ slides/introduction_6. pdf) As the above quote displays, one disadvantage is since the software is split up into layers, functions will operate at one level at a time, where as some functions have the necessity to operate at several layers. Poorly conceived layers can lead to awkward and complex interfaces. (courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs5516/spring03/ slides/introduction_6. pdf) This quote shows us that unless a large amount of thought and work goes into each individual layer, then a very bad and hard-to-use interface can be the end-result. Another disadvantage is if new design for a layer is done, an old layer may become inappropriate or unsuitable given the properties of the new layer. (courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs5516/spring03/ slides/introduction_6. pdf) A final disadvantage of layering is something known as information hiding, this may take place and this can lead to inefficient implementations. (www-inst. eecs. berkeley. edu/~cs268/ sp03/notes/Lecture2. pdf) I have discussed why networking software is divided into layers as well as evaluating both the advantages and disadvantages of layering. I now intend to introduce the first of the aforementioned protocols Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), before then introducing the second. A number of different types of distributed systems were being developed in the 1970s and as a result, a range of standards had to be introduced. (Halsall, 1996:11) An organisation called the International Standards Organizaton (ISO) created the ISO Reference Model for OSI. The ISO was a body founded in 1945 to coordinate international standards for a wide range of industries. (The Internet in the Arena of International Standards) Below is a diagram of the OSI protocol, taken from Peterson and Davie. As can be seen, the OSI protocol has seven layers. The application layer provides the user interface to a range of networkwide distributed information services. The presentation layer is associated with the representation of data during transfer between two communicating application processes. The session layers job is to set up a communication channel between two communicating application layer protocol entities during a network transaction. The network layer is responsible for establishing a networkwide connection between two transport layer protocol entities. The link layers job is to build on the physical connection provided by the network to provide the network layer with a reliable information transfer facility. Finally, the physical layer is associated with the physical and electrical interfaces between the user equipment and the network terminating equipment. (Halsall, 1996:16, 17, 18) I will now introduce the second networking protocol so that we have a good understanding of them both, before analysing their differences. The second protocol is called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP was developed by the US Department of Defence (DOD) research project to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks. (www. yale. edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP. HTM) The idea behind the DODs thinking was that in the Cold War, if the right designated place was bombed successfully, then the whole countries network communication facilities would become inoperable. This was obviously be a bad thing and so the DOD wanted to develop a standard that would connect all the networks together to prevent this from happening. Below is the model of the TCP/IP protocol, taken from (www-staff. t. uts. edu. au/~sean/DSP. dir/dsp00s. dir/lect1. dir/sld014. htm) As can be seen, the TCP/IP protocol has only four layers. The application layer handles high level protocols. The transport layer deals with quality-of-service issues. The internet layer determines the path to forward packets of data. The network layer is concerned with all of the issues that an IP packet requires to make a physical link. (www-staff. it. uts. edu. au/~sean/DSP. dir/dsp00s. dir/lect1. dir/sld014. htm) Now that I have briefly introduced both of the protocols, I will now move on to my analysis of their main differences. A difference between the two protocols in terms of their establishers is that OSI was orally established by Telcos, a telecommunications company and had a large connected emphasis linked to it. TCP/IP came more from a computing background with a large connectionless emphasis associated with it. Another difference that should be noted is that the two models have opposing approaches. The OSI model has a top-down approach meaning the processes that take place within the layers start at the top of the model and work their way down to the bottom. The TCP/IP model has a bottom-up approach meaning the processes taking place within the layers begin at the bottom of the model and move upwards. As can be seen from the models, the visible difference is the number of layers present within each. The OSI protocol has application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers. Where as the TCP/IP protocol has only application, transport, internet and network layers. Even though some of the layers have different names, they essentially do the same thing. However, the presentation and session layers that are in the OSI model are not present in the TCP/IP model. This makes the two protocols technologically different. First there were the technical differences, chief among them that OSI had a more complicated and compartmentalised design. (Lyon Hafner, 2003:246) The above quote points out how the OSI design was considered to be very large and complex where as the TCP/IP design was far more simplistic and smaller. On the OSI side stood an entrenched bureaucracy, with a strong we-know best attitude, patronizing and occasionally contemptuous. There was a certain attitude among certain parts of the OSI community whose message was, Time to toll up your toy academic network,' recalled one ardent TCP/IP devotee (Lyon Hafner, 2003:247) We can see from the above quote that OSI was regarded as a potential official standard with a considerable amount of bureaucratic support, as opposed to TCP/IP, which was seen by some as a toy network for the academic world only, and would never have any real chance of becoming an official standard networking protocol. The reason being was that the OSI was created by the ISO, and the ISO had long been responsible for creating international standards for a variety of industries, as the following quote displays. Since the 1940s, ISO had specified worldwide standards for things ranging from wine-tasting glasses to credit cards to photographic film to computers. (Lyon Hafner, 2003:246) As a result of this official standardization reputation that ISO had created for themselves, OSI was backed by several governments, led by Europe, and was thought to be meeting the needs of the whole world. Another difference between TCP/IP and OSI, was that TCP/IP had actually been implemented where as the only thing OSI had to offer was the design model for the protocol, as the following quote shows. And it was a design, never tried. As far as the Internet crowd was concerned, they had actually implemented TCP/IP several times over, whereas the OSI model had never been put to the test of daily use, and trial and error. (Lyon Hafner, 2003:247) An extremely large difference between the two protocols is in relation to their impacts on the networking world respectively. OSI failed to become to the official international networking standard that it was predicted to be. TCP/IP, contrary to what many had anticipated, was a huge success within the networking protocol world and is used across the world today. However, one must ask, what factors led to this outcome? One factor was that one key TCP/IP developer, Bill Joy, decided that TCP/IP when bought was to come with free networking software, which was based on Unix. As can be imagined, the fact that one received free Unix networking software when buying TCP/IP with no extra charge dramatically helped push TCP/IP further than OSI. The first Sun machines were shipped with the Berkeley version of Unix, complete with TCP/IP. Berkeley Unix with TCP/IP would be crucial to the growth of the Internet. When Sun included network software as part of every machine it sold and didnt charge separately for it, networking exploded. (Lyon Hafner, 2003:250) To clarify, Sun was the name of the computer company that Joy joined as the Unix expert. Another factor that led to TCP/IPs success was the fact that ARPANET decided to switch over to it on January 1, 1983. ARPANET was the resulting internetwork developed when computer networks associated with a large number of universities and other research establishments were linked and it was in large usage. (Halsall, 1996:19) As a result, TCP/IP was pushed even further ahead when ARPANET switched its protocols from Network Control Protocol to TCP/IP as this meant only machines running the new protocols could communicate over the network. Lyon Hafner, 2003:248) Dennis Jennings tells us of a factor that largely contributed to the failure of OSI when it was announced by the manager of a company called ICL at a review meeting that the output of the OSI research would not be in the interests of ICL. The Commission then told ICL that they could do what ever they like. This meant that where would be no available implementation opportunities for OSI once the research had been completed, and Jennings feels that this made it so that OSI had absolutely no chance of success. So what ever the merits of having a set of open OSI protocols, it was a serious attempt to provide an available solution, and the Commission allowed the project to throw it away. OSI died at that meeting. Without available implementations, it had no hope. (Randall, 1997:218) Another thing worth saying is that because the Internet boomed and became increasingly popular, and TCP/IPs design had a layer devoted to the Internet, TCP/IPs popularity was again increased further as a result of the Internets rapid growth. One could argue that OSI, being a protocol that did not include a layer for the Internet in its design, was over-run by the Internets growth. A final factor I would like to mention is the belief that a main reason OSI was not a success was because it got too preoccupied with the standards process and attempting to approve too many that it became caught up with them. It is seen by some that this caused it to fail as it distracted OSI from the one single standard that it was supposed to produce, the following quote shows this. But ISOs plan to make the OSI protocols a single standard for all computer users was defeated by ISOs own practice of approving multiple standards. (International Standards). To conclude, the concept of layering within networking software is in usage as it provides many advantages in terms of the softwares performance itself. Although, it does also pose some disadvantages, I feel they are small in number are not strong enough to outweigh the advantages. My analysis of the two networking protocols, OSI and TCP/IP, shows their main differences in terms of technical as well as social factors. I have also discussed the two differing impacts the protocols had in the world of networking and have attempted to explain why by looking at important factors associated with their diffusions. From my analysis, one can see that OSI was mostly a failure, as opposed to TCP/IP which won the protocols war and is in large international usage today.

Obsessive love in Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Obsessive love in Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is portrayed as a naive and heartbroken man who will do anything to revive his relationship with the love of his life; even if it means reliving the past. Gatsby is a victim to temptation, manipulation, society and obsessive love. However it is because of this obsessive and incessant love that the rest of his problems unfold. He is so blinded and determined to gain the approval of his former lover, he allows himself to be made a mockery by society.It is made clear that Gatsby moved to West Egg for the sole reason that the love of his life, Daisy Buchanan, lives with her husband Tom in a house within sight of Gatsby‚s mansion. ‚“I think he half expected her to wander into one of his parties, some night‚…but she never did‚” (Fitzgerald.4.84). As Daisy‚s friend Jordan explains the situation to the narrator and Daisy‚s cousin, Nick Carraway, she notes that although Gatsby threw countless parties that were no interest of him in hopes that Daisy would one day stumble in, she was clueless to how very close Jay Gatsby was to her.Two Wire haired Fox Terriers. Listed on Flickr as ...Gatsby lacked the courage to approach Daisy, even though he worked his life around his dream of seeing her again.Gatsby was referred to by the socialites as ‚“new money.‚” Living in West Egg was less respectable then living in East Egg. The social structure was not of much concern to Gatsby and he paid little attention to etiquette or class. His obsession with Daisy took top priority, and while his intentions were sincere, Gatsby put himself in positions to be made a fool. ‚“My God, I believe the man‚s coming‚…Doesn‚t he know she doesn‚t want him?‚”(Fitzgerald.6.109). When invited by the Sloanes, a wealthy couple from East Egg,

Data Integration and Data Quality

Data Integration and Data Quality Data is very crucial to organizations because it is the major reference tool that can be used when decisions are to be made. There are two elements of data that go hand in hand and they are namely data integration and data quality. Data integration involves merging information from various sources to make a single pile of information that can be understood by users.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Data Integration and Data Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because when a user has to extract information from different sources it might be confusing to him/her hence may not be helpful. On the other hand, data quality entails accuracy and appropriateness of the information obtained from databases. This paper focuses on the differences between the two aspects of data and reviews their importance to companies. Most people think that data quality and integration is one and the same thing but this perception i s only from the perspective of a lay man. The two elements of data, that is, integration and quality are different but we need them both hence we cannot ignore either of them because they are equally important to companies and individuals. In this age of electronic transactions we need to make sure that we minimize errors and also make it simple for our consumers to grasp something from the information that they get while interacting with our systems in their day to day operations. Imhoff (2005) argues that failure to emphasize on quality and integration can lead to decline in business because customers will opt to revert to old manual techniques. Most people emphasize quality more than integration. In the final end the latest developments in technology will loose its importance if the systems are not user friendly. The systems that most companies and other institutions have rolled out were meant to make work easier both to consumers and companies’ staff. They were invented w ith the aim of improving company’s’ performance and productivity but the improvements cannot be realized if the systems don’t work as they were designed to perform. This refers to the way they process information that is input by the users. When system errors occur it is the software developers who bear the most burdens. It should be known that erroneous transactions and information occur when users don’t provide the correct details as required by the system. For instance, when one is making cash withdrawal from an automatic teller machine he/she is responsible of the response that will be provided by the ATM machine. If the customer does not enter the correct pin number, the transaction will not take place and the ATM card will not be dispensed by the machine. This is one of the best examples of how systems can be designed to deal with data quality.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More Data quality is one of the protective measures that is highly valued by most companies because the records that are stored in databases can be used to trace events and for the referencing to be useful the data has to be free from errors. The data must be encoded appropriately because data can have common characters such as customer names which can be shared by various people. According to findings by META Group (2004), in data quality the main areas that attract attention are correctness, accuracy, completeness, and relevance. The correctness bit of data has been covered in the previous paragraphs. For data to be of good quality it must be complete because if some bits are missing the systems may encounter errors and fail to process the provided data. For instance, if customer’s date of birth is missing in its respective field, we can say that the data is not complete because the system cannot generate such information on its own unless it is prov ided by the user. Most of the time the missing bits could have been omitted erroneously when the data base was being developed. At times some bits of data are erased by mistake hence the ones that are left don’t make sense. In such cases the lost or missing data has to be recovered using the relevant technologies. This is because companies cannot make important decisions when the data they are referring to is incomplete and incase a company goes ahead to make decisions without complete data the company could incur losses owed to poor strategies which are caused by misleading information (Barney, 2004). We know that records are used when making budgets and can also be referenced in future while making decisions hence companies of these days don’t compromise on data quality. In fact there are software programs that can be very useful in tracking events leading to data loss. Moreover, data should be backed up and stored in a different location so that incase a fire destro ys the company premises its data will remain intact. Data should also be updated regularly for it to retain its quality. This is because outdated data can not be useful when making decisions. It is therefore recommended that data should be updated with change of events. For instance, in health records the data should incorporate current events in the patients’ data such as the medical procedures and health developments that have been reported by the patient such as number of births. In addition, it would be best to include new items that have been introduced by the company in the data base. When this information is not added to the existing information concerning a particular patient it might be difficult for medical personnel to make decisions concerning that patient and problems can occur due to lack of certain information. Besides, the information in the database needs to be correct for it to be useful because if it is based on estimation it could be misleading.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Data Integration and Data Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that the figures and other characters should be exact. For instance, the age of the customer should be accurate and this accurateness should also be applied in company information such as location. This is because sometimes the customers want to visit the company premises but then when they access the site map of the company location it does not reflect what is on the ground (Pipino, Lee, Wang, 2002). Data integration incorporates data from other records to make a comprehensive data depending on who will need that data and how it will be used. Integrating data saves both time and money that would be spent viewing individual records. It comes with convenience for the company and its clients. The information can be arranged in a way that only data within a specific range is available to the user instead of availing a ll the data while the majority of data is irrelevant to the user (Berson Dubov, 2007). Before data can be integrated, it is important to focus on how the data is laid out in their respective sources. This means that experts have to analyze the structure of data and design a newer structure based on the compatibility of data from various foundations. This is because there are some fields which do not match and hence they may cause the data to loose its relevance to the user. For instance, in institutional records the data fields about lecturer’s date of birth may not match with students records hence the person who is deriving the integration should incorporate data based on the relationship between the data fields. Data integration is useful while making decisions because it allows the users to make comparisons of various departments in their companies. For instance, for a company to make decisions regarding loss and profits it has to focus on the records from purchases and compare the information provided to that of sales records. Data integration fosters reliable presentations because repetitions are avoided hence the system is able to deliver the required results and thus achieve customer satisfaction (META Group, 2004). For instance, when a customer is opening a new account in a company’s website if she/he enters a username that already exists, the system will notify him/her and will probably provide suggestions. When data from various databases is merged it is easy for administrators of a company to foresee events before they take place. These events include decline in sales and other disciplines that are linked to company performance.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, if the performance from a particular department starts to fall the management will realize in good time and thus take the best action to caution the company. When data is not integrated risk management can be difficult to analyze because people would access the records that are relevant to them and ignore the rest. Data integration promotes simplicity because processes take a shorter time to be completed unlike when data is stored separately. When data is stored separately systems are forced to check for information from every individual database which takes a lot of time. This is because it has to select the data that is required from a huge amount of data. When data is integrated the required information is already grouped in one category hence processing it becomes easier. In conclusion, data quality and data integration are two different aspects but they are related because they belong to the same entity which is data. The two aspects are very important and thus sh ould be given appropriate importance because they are the elements of reliable data. Organizations such as IBM have been able to develop applications that help companies to integrate their data from different sources. This fosters data quality and thus improves productivity. Therefore, companies should manage their data well without compromising the two aspects of data. References Barney, B. (2004, June 18). Put your faith in CRM’s stewards. TechTarget. Retrieved from searchcrm.techtarget.com/news/970869/put-your-faith-in-CRMs-data-stewards Berson, A. Dubov, L. (2007). Master Data Management and Customer Data Integration for a Global Enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Imhoff, C. (2005). Data quality or integration-which is more difficult?. BeyeNetwork. Retrieved from b-eye-network.com/blogs/imhoff/archives/2005/04/data_quality_or.php META Group (2004) The future of data integration technologies. sunopsis. Retrieved from https://portal.erp-link.com/C10/Whitepaper s/Document%20Library/The%20Future%20of%20Data%20Integration%20Technologies.pdf Pipino, L., Lee, Y., and Wang, R. (2002). Data Quality Assessment. Communications of the ACM. 45(4ve): 211-218. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/tdqm/www/tdqmpub/PipinoLeeWangCACMApr02.pdf

Probability for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Probability for Managers - Essay Example The growing uncertainties under which managers must function, is a feature of the conventional environment (Daum, 2004). The aspect of uncertainty is exacerbated by information overload. Studies confirm that the information available to managers exceeds human capacity to process and to use such information. This makes for very difficult operating systems for managers. A third aspect of management practice is that most processes involve groups and teams. Even where final authority rests with an individual, the varying capabilities of managers to focus and to absorb information, requires that a common platform is created, so that each participant can express his or her views. Dissent is often the result of opposing parties basing their opinions on different scenarios, which they think is probable. Scientific application of probability theories has therefore a watershed role in building common understanding, if not consensus in teams that run firms. Formal probability techniques have been used in research functions of firms for a long time. Market Research, Clinical Trials and all other experiments to study the safety and efficacy performances of new products, use probability methodology. Random number generation and use, sampling, determination of significance and confidence levels all depend on probability science. Managers who are not formally trained in mathematics, or who do not remember their academics, may use outputs stated in qualitative terms for their decisions. This can lead to critical matters being effectively delegated to specialists who understand mathematics. Many examples of such distortion can be found in the high-profile pharmaceutical industry. Products have been released for the market, though research showed the probabilities of side-effects and adverse events. Managers in the concerned firms, regulators and doctors have all been victims of their ignorance of probability science, in taking decisions that were to subsequently cost consumers dearly! This trend will continue as technology takes us in to fields with multiple outcomes. It highlights the need for modern managements to fully understand the conclusions of formal probability methods. Insurance is another traditional field for the use of probability (Matthew & Stewart, 1999, p 2). The industry that provides cover against premiums depends on probability theories in large measure for their sustained probability, as indeed do all bookmakers involved in structured and informal gambling operations of all kinds. Firms with large capital assets often invest in internal positions, using specialists to determine their insurance policies and practices. Product liability is often determined in companies by people without adequate grounding in the mathematics of probability: under provision for related claims is often the result. All products and services that have potential implications for human safety and in terms of environmental impacts need the systematic and continuous application of established and proven probability techniques, for appropriate decision making. Stock valuation and its future course have emerged as industries in their own rights with the development of bourses world wide and the spread of the financial services and merchant banking sectors. Mutual funds also depend almost entirely on future estimates of market capitalization. Forecasts of scrip values started with simple regression and

Managing Oneself Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Oneself - Assignment Example on to that, the writer goes ahead to highlight one of the main reasons for the recognition of one self, is that it aids in the determination of the goals and the expectations of an individual. This can be described as the technique in which an individual compares the outcome of a particular event, decision for this case, with the expectation of an individual. On that note, analysis feedback simply means the determination of the impact of a particular decision with relation to the individual’s goal. The article clearly dictates that the only way in which an individual can learn about oneself is through the use of the feedback analysis technique. Apparently, through the comparison of the expectation of an individual with the decision made regarding a particular issue, one can be able to know one’s values and virtues. Subsequently, this goes a long way in determining the efficiency of an individual in the particular area of expertise. Evidently, this question can be answered after one has critically evaluated his or her strengths among other issues. On that note, the article goes ahead to give an example of the physicians and the mathematicians. Apparently, these areas are highly technical and therefore they require people who are gifted in the area. Notably, there career paths are usually spelt out during their teenage years. On the other hand, there are some areas in which one must first study in order to establish where they belong for instance in business. The decision to make a difference should be made early enough, in other words during the youthful age since it is at this time that an individual has high productivity and the vigor to carry out the required assignment. First and foremost, the ability of one to accept the other people, in simple terms workmates come in handy in the building of responsible relationships. On that note, this helps to foster good working relationship, which goes a long way to boost the communication. Secondly, there is the

Mobile Phones Should Be Banned While Driving Essay Example for Free

Mobile Phones Should Be Banned While Driving Essay The risk of getting into a car accident while talking on a mobile phone while driving is growing as the number of mobile phone subscribers increases. Engaging in a phone conversation on a mobile phone while driving distracts the brain and delays reaction times which are more likely to cause drivers to swerve between lanes, slow down and miss important signs. Mobile phones should be banned while driving because they are risky. An Australian study conducted in 2005, estimated that the risk of a collision when using a mobile phone was four times higher than the risk when a mobile phone was not being used. 456 drivers who owned phones, were involved in crashes. By collecting these drivers’ mobile phone records, scientists determined those who made telephone calls just before the time of the crash. Case crossover analysis of mobile phone habits enabled the scientists to calculate the increase in risk. Even hands-free devices were not that safer. An earlier study in 2003, integrated data from questionnaires, mobile phone companies and crash records kept by the police. It found that the overall relative risk (RR) of having an accident for mobile phone users when compared to non-mobile phone users averaged 1.38 across all groups. The RR was then adjusted for kilometers driven per year and other crash exposures. When this was done RR was 1.11 for men and 1.21 for women. The study also revealed that increased mobile phone use correlated with an increase in RR. However, there are some objections to the call for the ban of mobile phone use while driving. According to the Associated Press, CTIA – The Wireless Association, a mobile phone trade group in America, objected to a complete ban. Its vice-president, John Walls, is reported as saying, â€Å" we think that you can sensibly and safely use a mobile phone to make a brief call.† Although there are objections, there is sufficient evidence to prove that using a mobile phone while driving is risky. Using a mobile phone while driving, taxes the cognitive skills of the brain at the expense of driving. The vast majority of drivers have no idea that using the mobile phone while driving is risky. argumentative essay

The Edmund Fitzgerald :: essays papers

The Edmund Fitzgerald Since commercial shipping began on the five Great Lakes, there have Been six thousand shipwrecks. Half have never been found. There are three storms The sailors still talk about: The great storm of 1913 claimed 250 lives and 12 ships. The storm of 1940 claimed 100 lives and two ships. The storm of 1975 claimed only one ship and 29 lives. The wreck of 1975 remains the most mysterious and controversial of all shipwreck tales heard around the Great Lakes. The legend of the Edmund Fitzgerald is surpassed in books, and film and media only by that of the Titanic. Its mystery even led Canadian folksinger Gordon Lightfoot to write a ballad about the vessel, â€Å"the Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald,† which in turn inspired popular interest in the story and the ship. Here I think would be a good place to look at some background regarding the ship. The S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald was conceived as a business enterprise of the Northern Mutual Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Northern Mutual contracted with Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ecorse, Michigan to construct a â€Å"maximum sized† Great Lakes bulk carrier. The keel was laid on August 7, 1957 as hull no. 301. The ship was named after the President and Chairman of the board of Northern Mutual, and the Fitzgerald was launched June 8, 1958 at River Rouge, Michigan. Northern Mutual placed the ship under permanent charter to the Columbia Transportation Division of Oglebay Norton Company, Cleveland, Ohio. At 729 feet long, 75 feet wide and 13,632 gross tons, the ship was the largest ship on the Great Lakes, for thirteen years, until 1971. The Fitzgerald's normal coarse during its productive life took it between Silver Bay, Minnesota, where she loaded taconite, to steel mills on the lower lakes in the Detroit And Toledo area. It was usually empty on its return trip to Silver Bay. (Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum—www.shipwreckmuseum.com/about.html) On November 9, 1975 Fitzgerald was to transport a load of taconite from Superior, Wisconsin, to Zug Island, Detroit, Michigan. Not Cleveland, as referenced to in the song by Gordon Lightfoot. The final voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald began at the Burlington Northern Railroad Dock No. 1, Superior, Wisconsin. Captain Ernest M McSorly had loaded it with 26,116 long tons of taconite pellets, made of processed iron ore, heated and rolled into marble-size balls.

Case Obermeyer

UMASS LOWELL College of Management 63. 371 T. Sloan Case Study Write-up #3 SPORT OBERMEYER, LTD. Sport Obermeyer is a high-end fashion skiwear design and merchandising company headquartered in Aspen, Colorado that sells its products through U. S. department stores and ski shops. Although the company has a global supply network, most of its critical outerwear products are sourced through the Hong Kong-based company Obersport, a joint venture between Sport Obermeyer and a Hong Kong partner. Obersport, in turn, manages supply and production operations in Hong Kong and China.This case provides an in-depth description of the planning and production processes Sport Obermeyer and its supply channel partners undergo each year to develop and deliver new product lines. Please prepare a report that addresses the questions below. Answers must be typed (doublespaced), and write-ups will be evaluated on their content and presentation, including logic, organization, grammar, and spelling. You must work on the case in groups of two (2) to four (4) students. You are responsible for determining who is in your group and how work is allocated.Please turn in one write-up per group, and list the names of all group members on the write-up. Refer to the handout titled â€Å"Guidelines for Case Study Write-ups† for more information on the content and format for case write-ups. Questions [2 points each] 1. What are the key activities/events involved in the design, ordering, production, and shipment of Sport Oberymeyer’s products? When do these activities/events take place? Discuss the challenges faced by Sport Obermeyer in managing its global supply chain. 2. How can Wally use theBuying Committee’s forecasts to estimate the risk associated with early production of each style? Using the sample data given in Exhibit 10, make a recommendation for how many units of each style Wally Obermeyer should order during the initial phase of production. Assume that all 10 styles in the sample problem are made in Hong Kong and that Obermeyer’s initial production commitment must be at least 10,000 units. Ignore price differences among styles in your initial analysis. (Note: there is not an exact formula or method for this type of problem.I am more interested in the approach you use to determine the order quantities than in the specific numbers. ) 3. What are the long-term costs, advantages, and risks of producing in China versus Hong Kong? How will minimum order quantities affect capacity? Which of the 10 styles should be made in Hong Kong and which should be produced in China? Justify your answer. 4. What changes would you recommend to Wally to improve overall supply chain performance? Be specific and pay particular attention to operations-related changes. [The presentation/style of the report counts for an additional 2 points, for a total of 10 possible points. Remember to submit an electronic copy of your write-up to the TurnItIn. com web site. Due Date: Monday, April 23, 2007 at the beginning of class UMASS LOWELL College of Management 63. 371 T. Sloan Electronic Submission of Write-ups to TurnItIn. com TurnItIn. com A new service is available to students and faculty at UMass Lowell to help uphold academic integrity. In addition to turning in a hard copy of your case write-up, you will be required to submit an electronic version of the write-up to the web site TurnItIn. com. How do I submit my case write-up?It is quick and easy to submit your write up: 1. Point your web browser to www. turnitin. com. 2. Click on the New User section, and a dialogue box will guide you through the process of creating a user profile. You will need to enter our class ID number: 1822979 and enrollment password: sloan (note: all lower case). 3. Our class will then show up on your start page. Click on the class name: Sloan – 63. 371 – Ops. Mgt. 4. You will then see a list of assignments. Click on the appropriate assignment. 5. Submit y our paper following the instructions in the dialogue box.The following formats are accepted: MS Word, WordPerfect, RTF, PDF, PostScript, HTML, and plain text (. txt). 6. Click Submit when prompted to complete the submission process. A digital receipt number will be issued, and you will receive an e-mail confirming successful submission. That’s it! No further action is required. You will only need to create a user profile the first time you use the system, so for future assignments, the process will be even easier. Note: Please submit only one electronic copy per group. Under Author Name, simply list the name of one group member. When are the write-ups due?The hard copy of the write-up is due during (or prior to) class on the dates indicated in the course syllabus. If you are not able to attend class, you may e-mail ([email  protected] edu) or fax (978/9344034) your write-up before class. The electronic copy of the write-up must be submitted within 24 hours of the class disc ussion. To summarize†¦ Hand in the paper copy of your group’s case write-up during or prior to class on the day that it is due. Submit an electronic copy of the paper within 24 hours of our class discussion. Submit only one paper copy and one electronic copy per group.

Conclusion and recommendation Essay

Based on the results of the focus group discussion and the interview, Web 2. 0 applications being utilized for educational purposes are seen to have a very good potential in being integrated into educational processes for teaching and learning. Reflective of the first objective, it has been seen that there is a positive outlook with regards to Web 2. 0 applications from students and how the communicate. In addition, it is seen that educational processes would from time to time inculcate particular. Web 2. 0 applications and replacing conventional educational tools with newer and more technologically adept Web 2.0 applications in order for educators to be more effective in communicating with students. With respect to the sixth objective of this study, educators are keen to note that Web 2. 0 applications have the potential for being used as a tool for educational purposes. Educators on one hand furthered this conclusion because of their openness to the concept of including Web 2. 0 applications in their curriculum, utilizing its capabilities in effectively transferring knowledge to their students and more importantly communicating with them. In answering objectives two and three, educators themselves indicated that they are able to already utilize Web 2. 0 applications for providing administrative information to their students and they have indicated that Web 2. 0 applications being used as educational tools already exists and is being utilized by other educators. They are able to go with the flow of innovation as students are getting more and more adept with the use of such internet tools that they are able to identify with this and use this to the teacher’s advantage. The educators have identified that Web 2. 0 applications such as Blogs, Wikis, and other social networking tools have the potential to be used as teaching tools. Being able to use such a tool would not only make their teaching efforts easier but more importantly more effective in bringing information to their students. Coming from the aim of the study particularly to identify how Web 2. 0 technologies can be applied to Higher education, it is apparent that due to the inputs coming from both the student body and educators and because of extant literature there is an apparent improvement in the use of Information Technology in higher education. With the current use of Web 2. 0 technologies such as that of Flickr, Wikis and Myspace by both students and educators in communicating and teaching learning, Web 2. 0 technologies in the future will most certainly be integrated into higher education. This is due to the cultural changes that are observed within educators and students as how they perceive Web 2. 0 technologies and their effect on higher education. This is already evident as students currently utilize such Web 2. 0 applications in communicating with their peers for educational purposes. The next phase would be to utilize such tools more effectively and efficiently by the educators themselves in communicating with their students. On the other hand, because of such an increase in utilization, it would be constructive for this area of educational research if there are additional in-depth studies pertaining to Web 2. 0 technologies and how they affect higher education. In order to further explain and expound on this body of knowledge, it is recommended that a considerable number of focus groups be added into the study. This would yield a more accurate and diverse collation of answers. This would then be used in acquiring more information and validating the results of this study. In addition to the methodology, there should be an inclusion of several interviews to be conducted on other areas particularly other educational classes and universities so as to identify the relationship of geography with Web learning. In addition to this, it would be useful to identify if there is a relationship between racial background and web learning, is there a trait that controls the preferences of various races utilize web 2. 0 applications and if there is a relationship with race. Lastly, In addition to what was mentioned above, it would prove crucial if there is further study with regards to other countries and how they are able to utilize Web 2. 0 applications in their pursuit for better education. This would be able to provide the research with a better comparison particular to the effects of countries with respect to Web 2. 0 applications and Web learning.

Free Essays on Larry James Interview

Larry James Interview Larry James was very excited when he was approached to do an interview. He smiled and said, â€Å"I got a lot to say and no one to listen, so hurry now, let’s get started.† When we had the first interview, which took place January 20, 2003, Mr. James was anxious to star. He said, â€Å"I’ll start talking’, you start writing’.† He immediately started to discuss his early childhood. He was born to Luther and Sally James, in Milborne, Texas. He thinks his birthday is February 4th, 1900, which would make him soon to be 103 years old. He had seven brothers and five sisters. His only contact with any of the family was with Jake, his brother, whom he read about in the newspaper about the oldest Texan in a nursing home in Midland, Texas. I had this lady here write to him and he is my brother but not the oldest Texan as I am Jake’s older brother,† said Larry. Jake did call Larry, either Thanksgiving or Christmas but Larry was not sure which. They enjoyed talking to each other, and Larry promised not to tell anyone important he was the oldest. Larry still says, â€Å"I am the oldest Texan and proud of it.† Larry’s home was a dirt floor cabin in the plains of Texas. The cabin had two rooms for the fifteen members of the family. They grew their own food; his father and older brother went hunting for their meet. The environment, in the early days of the west, was hard for the families to survive the numerous hardships. Larry had to work the fields, pick berries, help tend the animals, and clean the meat. There was very little time for his education; he had, maybe, three years of which he attended school. The conversation at this time was directed by Larry to when he returned from a cattle drive and went into town to wash the dust from his throat at the local bar and met Wyatt Earp. He was very impressed with him. Wyatt was a very nice man, always smiling. Larry said, â€Å"T wasn’t really sure if he was... Free Essays on Larry James Interview Free Essays on Larry James Interview Larry James Interview Larry James was very excited when he was approached to do an interview. He smiled and said, â€Å"I got a lot to say and no one to listen, so hurry now, let’s get started.† When we had the first interview, which took place January 20, 2003, Mr. James was anxious to star. He said, â€Å"I’ll start talking’, you start writing’.† He immediately started to discuss his early childhood. He was born to Luther and Sally James, in Milborne, Texas. He thinks his birthday is February 4th, 1900, which would make him soon to be 103 years old. He had seven brothers and five sisters. His only contact with any of the family was with Jake, his brother, whom he read about in the newspaper about the oldest Texan in a nursing home in Midland, Texas. I had this lady here write to him and he is my brother but not the oldest Texan as I am Jake’s older brother,† said Larry. Jake did call Larry, either Thanksgiving or Christmas but Larry was not sure which. They enjoyed talking to each other, and Larry promised not to tell anyone important he was the oldest. Larry still says, â€Å"I am the oldest Texan and proud of it.† Larry’s home was a dirt floor cabin in the plains of Texas. The cabin had two rooms for the fifteen members of the family. They grew their own food; his father and older brother went hunting for their meet. The environment, in the early days of the west, was hard for the families to survive the numerous hardships. Larry had to work the fields, pick berries, help tend the animals, and clean the meat. There was very little time for his education; he had, maybe, three years of which he attended school. The conversation at this time was directed by Larry to when he returned from a cattle drive and went into town to wash the dust from his throat at the local bar and met Wyatt Earp. He was very impressed with him. Wyatt was a very nice man, always smiling. Larry said, â€Å"T wasn’t really sure if he was...

Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes

Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes By Mark Nichol Writers often mistakenly believe they are being helpful when, in the act of using a word or phrase in a nonliteral sense, they frame the term in quotation marks intended to alert readers, â€Å"This usage is not being employed in its original sense!† However, because readers generally are able to make the cognitive leap to understand that the use of a word or phrase is metaphorical, such symbols- in this role called scare quotes- are almost invariably a distracting and even condescending device. As recommended in the discussions following each example and as demonstrated in the accompanying revisions, avoid such extraneous hand-holding except when coining a new metaphorical word or phrase. 1. In this regard, many companies are starting with a â€Å"clean slate.† It’s clear from the context of this sentence that the businesses in question are beginning with no expectations, records, or some other factor or component, not with a writing surface that has just been wiped: â€Å"In this regard, many companies are starting with a clean slate.† 2. If a combination of these and other â€Å"red flags† are noted, the board should investigate them. Brightly colored rectangles of fabric are obviously not under discussion here; the reference is clearly to abstract warning signs such as incongruous data or odd behavior: â€Å"If a combination of these and other red flags are noted, the board should investigate them.† 3. The board should be informed of matters related to financial reporting raised by â€Å"whistle-blowers.† The reference to employment of a loud noise-making device is obviously an allusion to the desire of a person to get the attention of authorities and/or the media when he or she discovers institutional wrongdoing: â€Å"The board should be informed of matters related to financial reporting raised by whistle-blowers.† 4. Employees can be tempted to â€Å"cut corners† and act in an unethical manner. It’s obvious that the workers under discussion face the temptation of figuratively, not literally, avoiding negotiating right angles as they navigate their way through the workday: â€Å"Employees can be tempted to cut corners and act in an unethical manner.† 5. Such policies are discouraged because they can create a â€Å"slippery slope† in practice. Readers will understand that no unsafe inclines are implied by the use of the scare-quoted phrase; the wording refers to the potential difficulty of controlling or halting something once it has been allowed to begin or occur: â€Å"Such policies are discouraged because they can create a slippery slope in practice.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your Writing20 Ways to Laugh

The role of the school principals in the care of gifted students Dissertation

The role of the school principals in the care of gifted students - Dissertation Example Now, there are many ways of assessing how children perform, interact with their learning and solve different problems, beyond just reading and writing, to find out who is gifted (Murray, 1994). The definition of giftedness according to Marland report (1972) as cited in Klein, et. al (2007, p. 574) is "Gifted and talented are those ... with demonstrated achievement and/or potential ability in ... (a) general intellectual ability, (b) specific academic aptitude, (c) creative or productive thinking, (d) leadership ability, (e) visual and performing arts, and (f) psychomotor ability.† This definition now include skills which are not easily manifested, and to successfully and credibly label someone as â€Å"gifted† many processes are necessary than mere parental observation. Research indicates that the gifted individuals form a diverse group and it is not something which can be associated with a single trait. The giftedness of a child is associated with the psychological well -being of a gifted child, the matching of his skills with education provided, and the personal characteristics of the child, for example, his life situations, his nature and/or self-perceptions (Niehart 1999, p. 15). 1.1 Context Saudi Arabia puts a premium on education based on their belief that one’s principal duty in life is to acquire intellectual and spiritual perfection in his thinking, perceptions and belief (Gulen 2004, p. 202). Hence, the Ministry of Education was established in 1953. It sets overall standards for the country’s educational system and assumes responsibility for policy making and planning curriculum, teacher and superintendent training and special education (Al-Hamdan, n.d., p. 2). The system consists of twelve years. The educational ladder begins with six years of elementary school, three years of intermediate school and three years of high school. The educational aim of schools is to develop students’ different skills, abilities and crea tivity (Al-Hamdan, n.d., p. 3). Gifted education is incorporated in the system stemming from two administrative branches in the Ministry of Education that are tasked to identify and serve the gifted. They consist of four units namely the programs unit; the planning, coordination and training unit; the identification unit and the administrative communication unit. Special programs are provided for the identified gifted students. These include Thursday programs, summer programs and enrichment programs for the gifted within the school day (Al-Hamdan, n.d., p. 3). As stated by Aljoghaiman (2007) one example of enrichment programs is the one developed for elementary schools. Programs include teacher training for gifted students so specialized programs can be effectively implemented through appropriate teaching methods for the enhancement of gifted abilities in all areas. One example is the grouping of gifted students for a period of time during the school day when they engage in activiti es while passing through four levels of the program. â€Å"The first level concentrated on preparation and it included basic thinking skills, such as brain storming, some of the skills in the CoRT Program for Thinking, and Scamper Strategy. The second level included teaching the Creative Problem Solving Program. The third level consisted of the Future Problem Solving Program, and in the fourth and last level, gifted students went through the research program: a comprehensive program of self regulated learning that included different thinking skills. This program

Existentialism Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Existentialism Theories - Essay Example Individual choices were circumscribed in order to achieve the more egalitarian distribution of goods and services like education and health care. In some contemporary Islamic nations, individual freedom must conform to religious practices. Individual behavior is also restricted by religious belief in Israel on the Jewish Sabbath and religious holidays and in some communities in the United States on Sundays because of Christian beliefs, On the other hand, religious conservatives often want governments to severely limit the options available to women who want to terminate pregnancies and oppose extending certain legal rights, including health benefits for partners and the right to marry the person they choose, to homosexuals (The Meaning of Freedom in the Modern World, Winter-Spring 2001). When we talk of existentialism, we talk of freedom, choices and action in connection with being human. Christine Daigle stated that â€Å"Existentialism is a philosophy that focuses on human existen ce in its concrete occurrence and on the fact that the human existence is radically free and must make choices and a philosophy that preoccupies itself with themes such as intentionality, being and absurdity, and angst and death. (Existentialist Thinkers and Ethics, 2006). Jean-Paul Sartre, commonly considered the father of Existentialist philosophy and arguably the best known philosopher of the twentieth century (Jean-Paul Sartre, 2011), defines freedom as â€Å"not a being; it is the being of man-i.e. his nothingness of being. If we start by conceiving of man as a plenum, it is absurd to try and find in him afterwards moments or psychic regions in which he would be free. As well look for emptiness in a container which one has filled beforehand up to the brim! Man cannot be sometimes slave and sometimes free; he is wholly and forever free or he is not free at all† (Being and Nothingness, Tr. Hazel E. Barnes (New York. 1966), p. 539). For him, man is freedom. He is always fre e and that it is impossible for man to be â€Å"not free†. A human being responds to specific situations they are faced with and is free to choose as to how to act on them. But in freedom man has some things that he cannot do. He says that we cannot refuse freedom, which is kind of conflicting to his statement that â€Å"man is freedom† if we take it at face value. When he says we cannot refuse freedom, by opting not to choose, man is still choosing, thus exercising freedom. We also cannot escape responsibility. For we are to take responsibility for the consequences of our choices and actions as role models, that others may act accordingly and that every choice he makes not only affects his future but the future of humanity as well. Responsibility is the price that freedom exacts from mankind. According to Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre: One of the most famous claims of ‘Being and Nothingness’ by Sartre is that, we are aware to some extent of our freedom, and the responsibility that comes with it, but we try to hide this from ourselves. We are aware, claims Sartre,

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Case Study Example For example, Gupta et al. (2009) gave example of intellectual capital in research & development division of pharmaceutical companies as the core competency which can not only be copied easily by competitors but also being developed over the course of long period. In such context, core competencies of Microsoft Corp can also be understood in context to core competency model proposed by Prahalad and Hamel (1990). According to the Microsoft case presented by Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012), from the foundation of the company in 1975, Microsoft Corp always strive for getting the â€Å"first mover† advantage by continuously innovating with product application and design. It is evident from the research works of Gupta and Dwivedi (2012) and Edgar and Lockwood (2012) that core competence is a customer driven approach and providing value to customers should be integrated with core competency models. Now, the question may arise that is it possible for all products of Microsoft Corp to have at least one core competency? For answering this question, study of the product portfolio performance of Microsoft Corp will be conducted. However, there is not much scope to do, the limitations being the lack of time and resource. To overcome such difficulties, the report will use case study of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012) in order to understand key core competencies of Microsoft. Product portfolio of Microsoft Corp can be segregated into seven segments such as Windows, Business Solutions, Xbox Game Console and Entertainment, Developer Tools, MSN, web browser and Servers, mobile solutions (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). For example, Windows and windows live segment accompanies by Windows Operating System (OS), Internet Explorer etc are highest revenue earner for the company. On the other hand, business division segments of Microsoft accompanied by Dynamics ERP, Microsoft Office, CRM, Office Web etc are second largest revenue earner for the company (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). Interesting fact is that, Microsoft has acquired more than 80% of market share in the field of operating system and business division which show that the company has successfully integrated its technological core competencies in order to achieve market leadership. Microsoft is even performing well in the field of Entertainment & Gaming Solution with the help of its product portfolios like Xbox, Zune digital music platform, Windows phone and successfully defending its market share (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). However, same cannot be said for online service division of Microsoft such as Bing search engines which has incurred consecutive operational profit loss due to unequal revenue distribution right agreement with Yahoo. Drejer (2002) and Clulow, Gerstman and Barry (2003) stated that core competencies can be achieved by deploying internal resources such strong intellectual capital, financial resources, technological capabilities, efficient human resourc e, marketing expertise, strong supplier relationship etc. In such context, Prahalad and Hamel (1990) stated that core competence gets enhanced with the use and sharing while other capabilities might get reduced with extensive use. Microsoft is still struggling to compete with Smartphone and technology companies like Samsung, Apple and existing competency of Microsoft is not helping them

Physiological life-long process Essay Example for Free

Physiological life-long process Essay Aging primarily is a physiological life-long process, starting at conception and ending with death (Kart, 1994). Persons grow old whether they like it or not. These changes, both positive and negative, place demands on the aging person’s abilities to cope with and adapt to new life situations. It is a challenge for any given society to assist their aged in coping with the new life situations they are facing. Unfortunately, the rapid social changes taking place in society do not always lend themselves toward helping the elderly meet the demands of their life situations. For one, the attitude toward this population is not helping them cope with it as well. According to historian Fischer, 1977 in Doress-Worters Seigel, 1994), the old is regarded as useless, unattractive, and unwanted especially in the west. Acknowledging these realities of aging, the current research has been undertaken to study the experience of subjective well-being of senior citizens of Gladys Spellan. This shall be from the point of view of their administrators, particularly on their views on well being and the factors that influence it. Objectives / Outcomes This study therefore, will strive to achieve the following objectives: 1) Understand the experiences of the senior citizens of Gladys Spellman in the home for the aged from the perspective of their administrators: a) Their understanding or idea of well-being b) And the components of well being and factors that influence it. I personally chose this topic because I believe that as more and more elderly are placed under institutionalized care in contemporary society, a study such as this is needed to explore this phenomenon. It would shed light into the subjective lives experiences of the aged from an administrators’ view point. This would also contribute to the literature in this area and serve as groundwork for further studies in this area. This study will explore the subjective well-being (SWB) of the elderly in Gladys Spellmen who opted to live in an institutionalized set up or in a home for the aged by choice. The following framework will be used as a guide in the study: Method The first step in the research was the gathering of secondary data that are pertinent to the current topic, collating literature on the concept of well-being, indicators of the cognitive and affective components, and the factors which contribute towards it. A case study will be used in the current study, focusing on Gladys Spellmen Specialty Center. A semi- structured interview guide has been used in gathering primary data from the administrators of the institution. Interviewing. All the interview sessions with administrators will be one-on-one or individual interviews, for which the researcher has jotted down notes. A session with the participants lasted about 45 to 90 minutes,sometimes with a break in between or without it. The personal information sheet will be completed before or after the interview session with them. The researcher will take down notes while interviewing which shall be thematically analyzed. References Kart, C. S. (1994). The realities of aging: An introduction to gerontology (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Doress-Worters P. B. , Seigel, D. L. (1994). The new ourselves growing older. Women aging with a knowledge and power. New York: Simon Schuster.

A Woman’s Place Is Not in the House Essay -- Argument, Argumentative,

First of all, some men should stop thinking that a woman’s place is in the house. Because, it is not! If men would try to adapt some of the attitudes, and behavior of women, we may see a reduction in the divorce rate or a more stable relationship amongst couples. Some women tent to talk about things that are bothering them, while the men keeps everything inside, hence he becomes isolated in the relationship. Some men were taught at an early age to believe that a woman’s place is in the house. However, things have changed over the years, and more women are now working. And the men are expecting the woman to continue doing everything around the house without offering their help. This will create a stressful atmosphere because the woman is now overwhelmed. She is overworked because her partner sits in the â€Å"big chair† and waits for her to pick up the children, fix the dinner, give them a bath, and then take care of him. The woman puts his dinner on the table, and serves him this favorite beer. Then, after that she checks homework before the children retire for bed. Most wom...

Benjamin Franklin…A Misogynist? Essay

You asked us to read â€Å"Old Mistresses Apologue† to see how Benjamin Franklin begins as a solemn friend and adviser to a young man but soon reveals himself as a hedonistic lecher, then after reading you asked if we see any signs of a misogynist in Benjamin Franklin’s letter. To begin I looked up the word misogynist to get a better understanding of what it meant. According to Webster’s Dictionary, misogynist means a hatred of or hostility toward women, a women hater. After reading Benjamin Franklin’s letter, it was hard to see Mr. Franklin as a women hater. I find him being finicky about his women preferring older to younger women being almost discriminatory towards younger women in general, but not actually a women hater. If anything, he has good things to say about women as a whole. In the very first paragraph of his letter, Benjamin Franklin says great things of women in the state of union with a man. First, he states that â€Å"It is the Man and Woman united that make the compleat human Being.† [sic] Those are powerful word to say if you are a women hater. He also states in the same paragraph that man would be of less value if they were not married and they are incomplete without their better half. Hence his words, â€Å"A single Man has not nearly the Value he would have in that State of Union. He is an incomplete Animal. He resembles that odd Half of a Pair of Scissars.† [sic] Beginning after the first paragraph Benjamin Franklin begins stating increasingly how he would prefer an older woman to a younger one saying; â€Å"you should prefer old Women to young ones.† [sic] Then he proceeds to explain why he believes this theory with eight different reasons. The very first point, Franklin explains that older women are better because they are smarter, more experienced and can hold a conversation that is more interesting than that of a younger women. In his second point, he explains how when women get older they can do more for you and take better care of you. He even states that â€Å"there is hardly a thing as an old woman who is not a good Woman.† [sic] Therefore, if Benjamin Franklin was a misogynist I hardly think he would have stated that women were even good in any right. Benjamin Franklin’s fourth point explains how older women are less likely to stray and if they did it would be more accepted by an older woman than a younger one. Since older women are so willing to take care of younger man and help to shape his values and manners. This can be seen best in this line, â€Å"Because thro’ more Experience, they are more prudent and discreet in conducting an Intrigue to prevent Suspicion.† [sic] Now in Benjamin Franklin’s fifth point I see him saying something that can be seen as misogynist comment, â€Å"and regarding only what is below the Girdle, it is impossible of two Women to know and old from a young one. And as in the dark all Cats are grey.† [sic] That comment to me can be taken as an insult to women, I don’t think that everything below the â€Å"girdle† or waist is what makes all women young and old alike, but I do see Franklin’s point. Now lastly, my favorite comment had to have been in his eighth point when he states that older women are better to marry than young ones because, â€Å"They are so grateful!!† That comment in it self should be an indication that Benjamin Franklin was not a misogynist, he may have said one or two things that can be taken that way. Nevertheless, Franklin seems to like women in general he definitely had more nice things to say about women than anything else, almost as though he couldn’t be without a woman.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 44

Booyah! When Danny finishes reading Tiffany's latest letter, he sighs, scratches his Afro, and looks out my bedroom window for a long time. I want his reaction because he is the only person I know who doesn't already have a strong opinion about Tiffany. Everyone else is obviously biased – even Cliff. â€Å"So,† I finally say from my bed. I'm sitting with my back against the headboard and my cast propped up on a few pillows. â€Å"What do you think I should do?† Danny sits down, opens up the Parcheesi box, and takes out the hand-painted wooden board and pieces my mother gave me for my birthday. â€Å"I feel like being red today,† he says. â€Å"What color you want?† After I pick blue, we set up the board on the little table my mother put in the room for us when I first came home with a broken leg. We play Parcheesi like we always do when Danny visits, and it becomes obvious that he isn't going to weigh in with an opinion regarding Tiffany, probably because he knows that only I can make this decision – but maybe because he just wants to play the game. He loves Parcheesi more than any man I have ever met, and when he lands on one of my spots and sends one of my pieces back to the start circle, Danny always points at my face and yells, â€Å"Booyah!† which makes me laugh because he is so goddamn serious about Parcheesi. Even though I don't really enjoy playing Parcheesi as much as Danny does – and he won't answer any of my questions about Tiffany – it's nice to have him back in my life again. We play Parcheesi for so many hours – days pass, and my record against Danny grows to 32 wins and 203 losses. Danny is a supreme Parcheesi player, and the best dice roller I have ever met. When he says, â€Å"Papa needs a doublet,† he almost always rolls two sixes. Whatever Papa needs, Danny rolls.

Free Essays on Melatonin

MELATONIN Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland, located within your brain. Every day, as it gets later, the pineal gland goes to work by releasing increasing amounts of melatonin into your bloodstream. This hormone may play a role in many body processes. Your blood vessels, ovaries, gastrointestinal system and brain all have cells that are specially equipped to utilize melatonin. The main influence it has involves sleep. The time period in which the pineal gland releases the hormones coincides with the hours you typically sleep. It doesn’t cause you to fall asleep, but it initiates changes throughout your body that make you feel ready for sleep. Several studies have shown that 1 to 2 milligrams a day may help improve the quality and duration of sleep in some people. However, it appears melatonin supplements may help only the small number of insomniacs who have a melatonin deficiency. Much remains unknown about this hormone and its effects on your body, particularly when it’s used long-term or with other medications. There also concerns about the quality and purity of the supplements. Because it is not a drug, the FDA doesn’t regulate its safety. No serious side effects have yet been attributed to taking melatonin supplements, but doctors and scientist believe it may cause hypothermia, reduced fertility, suppression of male sex drive, and damage to the retina of the eye.... Free Essays on Melatonin Free Essays on Melatonin MELATONIN Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland, located within your brain. Every day, as it gets later, the pineal gland goes to work by releasing increasing amounts of melatonin into your bloodstream. This hormone may play a role in many body processes. Your blood vessels, ovaries, gastrointestinal system and brain all have cells that are specially equipped to utilize melatonin. The main influence it has involves sleep. The time period in which the pineal gland releases the hormones coincides with the hours you typically sleep. It doesn’t cause you to fall asleep, but it initiates changes throughout your body that make you feel ready for sleep. Several studies have shown that 1 to 2 milligrams a day may help improve the quality and duration of sleep in some people. However, it appears melatonin supplements may help only the small number of insomniacs who have a melatonin deficiency. Much remains unknown about this hormone and its effects on your body, particularly when it’s used long-term or with other medications. There also concerns about the quality and purity of the supplements. Because it is not a drug, the FDA doesn’t regulate its safety. No serious side effects have yet been attributed to taking melatonin supplements, but doctors and scientist believe it may cause hypothermia, reduced fertility, suppression of male sex drive, and damage to the retina of the eye....

Muslims Essay Example

Muslims Essay Example Muslims Essay Muslims Essay Essay Topic: The arabian Nights One Thousand and One Nights The Muslims have been a part of the American History ever since the Pre-Columbian times. The Early explorers used maps that were made by Muslims. At the time, the Muslims had advance Geographical and Navigational information. Also, aside from this, during the time when African slaves were imported in the Americas, half of the slave population could be estimated to be Muslims. The Msulims arrived in Europe in different ways, these were through, Muslim Explorers, Muslim Armies, Traders, and through Scientific Research and Arabic Manuscripts. Europe being influenced by Muslim Culture was famous for exploring the Western Continent. These are some instances in History that could usher a great influence in Culture.Islamic ScienceIn 750 AD, Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad, helped Science not only to thrive, but also spread towards the West(Spain) and East(Central Asia) in a period of over six hundred years.Influenced by Greek, Indian and Persian Culture, the early Arab Muslim scholars were able accrue an insurmountable amount of scientific knowledge. In doing so, they were able to make it flourish through their own innovations and discoveries.Astronomy and Mathematics were two of the bodies of knowledge which the Muslims paid attention to. Astronomy was particularly important to them specifically because of their religion. In Muslim Religion, one must pray towards a specific direction, specifically towards Mecca. Wherever a Muslim follower is, he must pray towards that direction, and at the time, they did not rely on any instruments such as a compass, but simply relied on the stars. Mathematics is relatively important to them as well with regards to dividing their property with regards to Inheritance in the Islamic Law.Although Science developed with the help of Islam’s, there are no active figures in Science that were Muslims. But during the 12th and 13th Centuries, the Research paper done by these people were translated from Arab to Latin and was passed to the wes tern continents.Medical ArtsA book that may be found in on-line, Islamic Medicine, Proviedes studies and various essays pertaining to different Physicians and scholars which would contain chapters on Islamic Medical Ethics, euthanasia and AIDS. The advance stages of Arab Medicine came in 12th and 13th Century, wherein we can find entries pertaining to Medical Schools flourishing in the Muslim Society.Some achievements of Arab medicine that were overlooked by the west was Muslim(Arab) roots of European Medicine, and the Discovery of how Pulmonary Circulation works in the Body. In fact it was discovered later by two doctors in the U.S. that the Pulmonary Circulation was indeed discovered by a Muslim that goes by the name of Ibn Nafis. This proves that the Pulmonary Circulation was not discovered in the 16th Century by the Europeans, but by Ibn Nafis who was actually a famous physician of the 13th Century.Alchemy and ChemistryAlchemy is often related to magic. It is described as the Ma gical transformation of different kinds of metal, specifically; Lead, into gold which is the most precious metal of the time. Alchemy in reality is the precursor to Modern Chemistry as we know it.A record from the 14th Century of the Arabs maid by Abu al-Qasim Muhammad Ibn Ahmed al-Iraqi, pertained to a book which was about the cultivation of Gold.Literature and PoetryAn Arab named Al Biruni, born in Khawarizm(Caspian Basin), who lived in 1050’s was a man of letters and words who gave the Arabic Culture a universal dimension. Al wrote in the Persian and Arabic languages. He said, I was brought up in one language (that of Khawarizm) †¦ I learnt Arabic and Persian later, and I therefore come as an outsider to both these languages, my command of which I strive to perfect. But I must confess that I would rather be insulted in Arabic than praised in Persian.In the 8th Century, the first Arabic Literature that could be called a masterpiece was â€Å"Ibn Al-Muqaffas Kalila Wa Dimna†. This was an indication to the nature of this epoch and also it was a collection of Indian Fables translated in the Arab language. These Indian fables may it be the Persian or the original Sanskrit version is now lost.Arab grammarians were able to establish rules for the language which was developed to be pure and as much as possible, close to its origins. This was the time that the first Arab dictionary was created. During this time, the paper industry developed and the rulers began to take a liberal approach with regards to arts. Soon after, the aristocracy supported and patronized the evolution of Literature.Literary genres such as the Epistle, the short story(risala) and the maqama(a mix of diction and reality in a form of a rhythmic prose, where in the action is centered towards one character), prospered. It was at this time that the champions of Reason started to debate against the conservative majority, whether to keep their native tongue or propagate diversity.T he Arabian Nights, Alf Layla Wa Layla, or the World famous â€Å"A Thousand and One Nights† is an essence of ‘peddlers’ literature’. Peddler’s Literature in laymen’s terms would mean a form of public speaking. In Muslim countries, public speaking is a form of entertainment or communication that is loved by all. Public Speeches are done in city squares and is often used to deliver poetry, which comes with gestures. The Public speaker must have a god command of the literary piece and must also command the public to continually gain their attention.Geometrical OrnamentationBecause of the Geometrical style of Ornamentation, the art of Muslims moved towards pure abstraction. Art of Astronomers and Mathematicians would be described by the series of modifications and superposing of star like shapes with six, eight, ten, or even twelve points. With these kinds of designs which has countless foci, constitutes an invitation to meditate.Moral SystemIsla m has done a really good job of creating foundation for Human rights all through out the world which is not only observed but respected as well, what ever the circumstance may be. Not only do Muslims provide legal safeguards but they also provide and effective moral system. This moral system can be discussed as such: Anything that would lead to the welfare of an individual or the welfare of the society is morally good, and such, whatever provides to be injurious to the society and its people may be considered as morally bad.Muslims have never claimed the right to call their Moral system to be one of its kind, or a breakthrough when it comes to other moral systems, nor did it ever seek to minimize or exaggerate the importance of other moral systems. They address the well known moral virtues with equal importance with regards to its role in the scheme of life. The Muslims wanted to ensure that their sense of morality overcomes one’s selfish desire.May it be literature, science, medicine, astrology, geometry or Alchemy; Muslims have indeed made a mark in History. Their culture is rich and has done a great job of influencing other nations, specifically the Western Nations. The Influence was neither forced nor was it intentional. It was the inevitable outcome of two civilizations meeting, mixing and taking the best from each other at the boundaries of the Muslim encroachment on the Christian Civilization in Europe.